#langnd

langnd is one programmer's dream programming language that focuses on minimalism, consistency, and portability.

This project is the home of the langnd programming language. Both the design and the implementation of the language are a work in progress.

#!/usr/local/bin/langnd

$warn=
<
  # writes a message with a highlighted warning
  $message=argument
  import "write" from core
  $write("\a027[7;33m WARN \a027[0m ", 1)
  $write($message, 1)
  $write("\n", 1)
>

$warn("writing langnd code is addictive!")

#Language

Comments

# Line comment

Nulls

null

Booleans

false
true

Numbers

0
100
-200
+300
400.500
-600.700
+800.900

Strings

""
"Plain Text"
"\"Special\" Text"
"\a066\a105\a110\a097\a114\a121 Text"

Lists

[]
[null, false, 0, "", [], {}, <>]

Maps

{}
{"null": null, "boolean": false, "number": 0, "list": [], "map": {}, "function": <>}

Functions

<>
<"first" "..." "result">
<return "result">
<
  # double the input
  $number = argument

  import "multiply" from core

  return $multiply($number, $number)
>

Identifiers

$variable
$variable_with_underscores
$VARIABLE_WITH_UPPERCASES
$variable_with_02_numbers
$"variable with spaces"
$"variable with \"specials\""
$"variable with \a098\a105\a110\a097\a114\a121"

Assignment

$variable = "value"
$reference = $variable
$result = $call()
$decision = if $pick() "this" otherwise "that"
$last = while $more() $take()
$error = catch $failable()

Branching

if $first
\

/
else if $next
\

/
else if $call()
\

/
otherwise
\

/

Looping

while $condition
\

/

while $test()
\

/

while true
\
  break $pick
/

while true
\
  continue $pick
/

Errors

throw "Error: Invalid format!"
throw 137
throw true
throw ["issue 12", "issue 48"]
throw {"message": "not found", "code": 404}
throw $error
throw $call()

$error = catch
\

/

Importing

import "add" from core
import ["add", "subtract", "multiply", "divide"] from core
import {"add": "+", "subtract", "-", "multiply": "*", "divide": "/"} from core
import $functions from core

Core

$add(75, 25)                               # 100
$subtract(500, 400)                        # 100
$multiply(20, 5)                           # 100
$divide(400, 4)                            # 100
$modulo(1000, 900)                         # 100
$truncate(100.200)                         # 100
$and(true, true)                           # true
$or(false, true)                           # true
$not(false)                                # true
$precedes(0, 100)                          # true
$succeeds(100, 0)                          # true
$equals(100, 100)                          # true
$write("hello file!", "/tmp/hello.txt")    # null
$read("/tmp/hello.txt", null)              # "hello file!"
$delete("/tmp/hello.txt")                  # null
$query("USER")                             # "wareification"
$freeze([1, 2, 3])                         # "[1, 2, 3]"
$thaw("[3, 2, 1]")                         # [3, 2, 1]
$type("mystery")                           # "STRING"
$cast("100", "NUMBER")                     # 100
$get(["a", "b", "c"], 2)                   # "b"
$set(["a", "b", "?"], 3, "c")              # ["a", "b", "c"]
$unset(["a", "b", "uh...", "c"], 3)        # ["a", "b", "c"]
$merge(["a"], ["b", "c"])                  # ["a", "b", "c"]
$length(["a", "b", "c"])                   # 3
$keys({"a": 1, "b": 2, "c": 3})            # ["a", "b", "c"]
$sort([3, 2, 5, 1, 4], "+")                # [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

#License

langnd is licensed under the Unlicensed license. Review the UNLICENSE file included in the project before using langnd to understand your rights.

#Building

The reference implementation is written using the 1989 ANSI standard of C. An ANSI-compliant compiler is required to build the program from source. Consider the following minimums of the target data model additional requirements:

• int must be able to hold all values between [-2147483647, 2147483647]
• long must be able to hold all values between [-9223372036854775807, 9223372036854775807]
• size_t must be able to hold all values between [0, 2147483647]

Builds are optionally automated using Make. Only POSIX features are used in the Makefile. Try one of the available targets: all, clean, check, install, uninstall.

Perform a fresh build of the program, check build passes tests, then install it to the system:

make clean check install

#Running

Once you've built and installed the program you'll have the interpreter at your system's disposal. Try the program option -h for usage notes.

Run code from a file:

langnd -f hello.txt

Run code from text:

langnd -t 'import "write" from core $write("hello world\n", 1)'